How do I start with Arduino?

How do I start?

After unwrapping everything, the first steps are to get a connection from my computer with this board, and getting it to turn on a light or something (will have to find out what the first exercises will be).

You start here: https://www.arduino.cc/en/Guide/HomePage

Read an introduction on what is Arduino and why you'd want to use it.

What is the Arduino Software (IDE) and how do I change the default language? 

I'm running Windows 10, so I need the Windows version of the IDE. https://www.arduino.cc/en/Guide/Windows

I've downloaded the installer version, arduino-1.6.8-windows.

#Issue 1: I need a longer USB cable (A plug to B plug)!
The cable that is shipped with my package is 40cm long, that's short to get to an USB port on my PC tower. Lucky me, I've still got a old 1 meter cable from an old HP printer.

I've connected the USB cable to this small Arduino board; the green power indicator is "on".

Followed the instructions, Launched the Arduino software. Set my Port to COM3 in the interface. Loaded the application 01 Basic > Blink. Clicked the upload button and Yes, the led (L) is blinking!

#Issue 2: Hey wait a minute, this Led was blinking already since I've connected the Arduino board for the first time. I've changed delay's in the program (2 seconds on, 0.500 seconds off), uploaded, yes! Apparently the first "basic" program is on the board by default...

I'm linking this :) -- like a child unwrapping its toy!
Also happy I didn't need the troubleshooting https://www.arduino.cc/en/Guide/Troubleshooting